Android项目架构

从功能需求、设计模式、最佳实践出发考虑

MVP模式

数据、显示、控制解耦,mosby,作者blog1blog2

依赖注入

数据存储

  • squidb,基于注解,编译期生成DAO类,model类是编译期生成的,而不是定义表结构的类,对复杂SQL语句的支持非常好
  • DBFlow,基于注解,编译期生成DAO类,对关系的支持很好
  • ActiveAndroid,基于注解,运行时转换
  • greenDAO,编译期生成辅助代码
  • StorIO,与rx集成,响应式DBHelper框架

网络连接处理

  • Retrofit,使用动态代理将java接口转化为REST API
  • OkHttp,优化的HTTP client(共享连接,连接池,透明压缩,缓存,重试等),支持web socket协议

异步处理

  • 响应式编程(rx,在java7中使用lambda语法:retrolambda),消息的发出者和响应的接收者在同一模块内,局部性、单对单
  • 事件处理(EventBusOtto),全局性事件、一对多比较合适

测试

持续集成

  • jenkins-ci,整合代码托管工具,commit、merge request自动触发构建

工具

  • 图片加载
    • Fresco,多来源加载、缓存、内存管理(存放在安卓非堆特殊内存区域)、支持多种格式、多种功能(圆角)
    • Glide,多来源加载、缓存、Object pool内存优化、Context生命周期加载优化、ListView、RecyclerView等加载优化
    • Picasso,使用堆内存,格式稍少
  • 模块热加载
    • dynamic-load-apk,通过代理实现启动、显示、执行安装时未定义的Activity,Service,实现模块热加载
  • 错误统计
    • fabric,提供crash统计、以及twitter集成
  • 调试
    • XLog,函数调用追踪,log出参数、返回值、线程、执行时间,支持方法、类的注解;
    • Fresco,chrome查看log,view heriachy,shared pref,db等;
    • LeakCanary,memory leak检测工具;
  • 时间
    • ThreeTenBP,JSR310的java 8以前的兼容实现,比安卓的Date类等强大无数倍;
    • ThreeTenABP,安卓的一个包装,init过程性能更好;
  • 导航
    • FragmentArgs,Fragment启动时通过Argument传递参数
    • Dart,Activity之间通过Intent传递Extra参数
    • Pocket Knife,Activity的Extra传递参数,SavedInstance做状态保存/恢复
    • Aftermath,A simple, annotation-based Android library for generating onActivityForResult handlers.
  • 动效
    • rebound,通过Android系统的property transition,加上各种变换函数,实现模拟物理的动效;
  • 设计

Develop maintainable apps

  • Libraries
    选择第三方库时的考虑
    • Documentation: 文档是否全面
    • Repository Check-ins(Stability): 稳定性、是否保持维护
    • Fulfils a Need: 满足项目需求
  • Domain design
    • Keep code simple: OO,一个类只负责一件事
    • Use MVC/MVP/MVVM Pattern
    • Functional Test
    • Use the tools: IDE的重构工具很强大
  • Code quality
    • Readability matters
    • 工具
      • CheckStyle
      • Lint
      • Findbugs
      • PMD
    • Refactor Gradually
  • Testing
    • Unit test: Every single line of code that you write should be tested. Peroid. -- Robert Martin
    • Junit(...) + Mockito
    • Continuous Integration
    • Code coverage

Android Clean Architecture

分层结构

clean_architecture1.png

  • Entities: These are the business objects of the application.
  • Use Cases: These use cases orchestrate the flow of data to and from the entities. Are also called Interactors.
  • Interface Adapters: This set of adapters convert data from the format most convenient for the use cases and entities. Presenters and Controllers belong here.
  • Frameworks and Drivers: This is where all the details go: UI, tools, frameworks, etc.
  • Dependency Rule: source code dependencies can only point inwards and nothing in an inner circle can know anything at all about something in an outer circle.

安卓项目层次结构示例

clean_architecture_android.png

使用Rx后的层次结构示例

clean_architecture_evolution.png

  • Presentation layer: UI tests with Espresso 2 and Android Instrumentation.
  • Presenter && View test: 针对接口进行单元测试;对UI简单交互结果逻辑的测试(如:Activity跳转,Fragment切换,相关接口调用);
  • Domain layer: JUnit + Mockito since it is a regular Java module.
  • Data layer: Migrated test battery to use Robolectric 3 + JUnit + Mockito.

代码组织(包组织)

  • Package by layer
  • Package by feature
    • Higher Modularity
    • Easier Code Navigation
    • Minimizes Scope

Flux Architecture

  • 结构图
    flux-graph-simple.png
    • View: Application interface. It create actions in response to user interactions. Activity or Fragment
    • Dispatcher: Central hub through which pass all actions and whose responsibility is to make them arrive to every Store. An event bus.
    • Store: Maintain the state for a particular application domain. They respond to actions according to current state, execute business logic and emit a change event when they are done. This event is used by the view to update its interface. Simple POJOs with two main attributes: Type: a String identifying the type of event; Data: a Map with the payload for this action.
    • More about Stores
      • Stores contain the status of the application and its business logic.
      • Stores react to Actions emitted by the Dispatcher, execute business logic and emit a change event as result.
      • ...

RxFlux

rxflux_arch.png

What is all this Clean Architecture jibber-jabber about?

基础

  • SOLID
    • Single Responsiblity
    • Open/Closed
    • Liskov Substitution
    • Interface Segregation
    • Dependency Inversion
  • Abstraction
    • 面向接口编程
    • 高内聚,低耦合
      • 内聚:单一模块内,各个部分之间的关系
      • 耦合:各个模块之间的关系
  • Vertical slicing
    • Horizontal slicing:传统方式,从服务提供方分包,例如DB, Network, ui...
    • Vertical slicing:源自敏捷,根据功能(use case)进行分包,而将与该功能相关的db, network, ui等部分放到同一个模块中

results matching ""

    No results matching ""